Spain

The headline debt series on the Spain page uses the general government EDP debt (deuda PDE) published by the Banco de España. This is the euro-area Maastricht standard.

Why use EDP debt as the headline?

EDP (Excessive Deficit Procedure) debt is the euro-area definition harmonised by Eurostat, which makes cross-country comparison the most defensible. The Banco de España publishes it quarterly as the general government (Administraciones Públicas) balance.

How does it relate to euro-area rules?

EDP debt sits alongside the fiscal deficit (déficit público) and the risk premium (prima de riesgo) as a core metric of euro-area fiscal discipline. When the debt ratio exceeds the reference threshold, it comes under the Excessive Deficit Procedure.

Can I cite the API directly?

Yes. /api/spain/live.json and /api/spain/snapshot.json return baseAsOf, citeAs, and per-series meta.