Japan

The Japan pages use Ministry of Finance central government debt as the headline clock. This is not identical to the broader general government debt used in many international tables, so the source and definition should be read together.

MetricPrimaryAs ofSupporting
nationalDebtJapan MOF — Government Bonds, Borrowings & Guaranteed Debt (Mar-end FY2025)2026-03-31IMF Global Debt Database
gdpJapan Cabinet Office ESRI 2025 Nominal GDP (annual)2025-12-31World Bank GDP (current LCU)
populationJapan Statistics Bureau 2025 Census — Population (Oct 1, 2025)2025-10-01World Bank population, total
householdDebtBOJ Flow of Funds — Household Debt Outstanding (Q1 2026)2026-03-31
mortgageDebtBOJ Flow of Funds — Household Housing Loans (Q1 2026)2026-03-31
creditCardDebtBOJ Flow of Funds — Household Installment Credit (Q1 2026)2026-03-31
govRevenueJapan MOF National Tax Revenue (FY2025 settlement, provisional)2026-03-31
govSpendingJapan MOF General Account Expenditure (FY2025 initial budget)2025-04-01
exportsJapan MOF Trade Statistics — Annual Exports (2025)2025-12-31
importsJapan MOF Trade Statistics — Annual Imports (2025)2025-12-31
currentAccountJapan MOF / BOJ Balance of Payments — Current Account (2025)2025-12-31
foreignReservesJapan MOF Official Reserve Assets (Jun 2026, USD ≈ 1.287T)2026-06-30
externalDebtJapan MOF Gross External Debt Position (Mar 2026)2026-03-31
unemploymentRateJapan Statistics Bureau Labour Force Survey — Unemployment Rate (2025 avg)2025-12-31
inflationRateJapan Statistics Bureau CPI (2025 annual avg)2025-12-31
interestRateBOJ Policy Rate (uncollateralized overnight call, Jun 2026)2026-06-16
exchangeRateBOJ Tokyo 17:00 USD/JPY Mid Rate (Jul 17, 2026)2026-07-17
debtPerCitizenDerived (computed from base series)2025-12-31
householdDebtPerCitizenDerived (computed from base series)2025-12-31
debtToGDPDerived (computed from base series)2025-12-31
fiscalBalanceDerived (computed from base series)2025-12-31
tradeBalanceDerived (computed from base series)2025-12-31
Japan Sources · WorldRealDebt