China

The China pages use Ministry of Finance and National Bureau of Statistics releases as primary sources, then attach IMF or World Bank links only for comparison context. Hidden local debt and LGFV estimates are not merged into the headline series.

MetricPrimaryAs ofSupporting
nationalDebtChina MOF 2025 Central + Local Government Debt Final Accounts2025-12-31IMF Global Debt Database
gdpChina NBS 2025 GDP (preliminary)2025-12-31World Bank GDP (current LCU)
populationChina NBS End-2025 Population2025-12-31World Bank population, total
householdDebtPBOC Household Loan Outstanding (total)2025-12-31
mortgageDebtPBOC Personal Mortgage Loan Outstanding2025-12-31
creditCardDebtPBOC Credit Card Outstanding2025-12-31
govRevenueChina MOF 2025 General Public Budget Revenue2025-12-31
govSpendingChina MOF 2025 General Public Budget Expenditure2025-12-31
exportsChina GACC Annual Exports (2024)2025-12-31
importsChina GACC Annual Imports (2024)2025-12-31
currentAccountChina SAFE Balance of Payments — Current Account (2024)2025-12-31
foreignReservesChina SAFE FX Reserves (USD ≈ 3.4T)2025-12-31
externalDebtChina SAFE External Debt (USD ≈ 2.45T)2025-12-31
unemploymentRateChina NBS Urban Surveyed Unemployment Rate (2024 avg)2025-12-31
inflationRateChina NBS Consumer Price Index (2024 annual avg)2025-12-31
interestRatePBOC 1Y Loan Prime Rate (end-2025)2026-07-14
exchangeRatePBOC USD/CNY Central Parity (2025-12 ballpark)2026-07-14
debtPerCitizenDerived (computed from base series)2025-12-31
householdDebtPerCitizenDerived (computed from base series)2025-12-31
debtToGDPDerived (computed from base series)2025-12-31
fiscalBalanceDerived (computed from base series)2025-12-31
tradeBalanceDerived (computed from base series)2025-12-31
China Sources · WorldRealDebt